Analysis of the excellent characteristics and technical problems of soil nutrient speedometer
Quickness and Test Costs of Soil Nutrient Analyzers In general, the time spent on soil analyzers accounts for most of the cost of the test. Increasing the speed of the test can be a decisive factor in reducing test costs and making soil fertigation economically viable. According to our practice, the quickness of testing can be achieved through the following technical approaches:
1 Directly measure fresh soil without drying; this can shorten the soil analysis cycle by 1 to 2 days.
2 Develop a comprehensive nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium extraction agent, and a common extraction to reduce the extraction time;
3 Research adopts rapid extracting agent and shortens extraction time;
4 Study the liquid formulation with a longer shelf life, so as to supply the finished product solution, the user can open the bottle and use it; this will not only increase the test speed, reduce the liquid preparation loss, but also reduce the grassroots investment in the laboratory.
5 Select test analysis methods that are quick and without complex equipment, such as organic matter analysis using dilute heat color ratio, ammonium nitrogen using Nessler's color ratio, and quick-acting potassium using turbidimetric method;
6 if necessary, more rapid analysis methods are used, such as the conventional alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen analysis with alkali-diffusion diffusion method, the test cycle is more than 2 days, and the time of the acidolysis method or alkali hydrolysis distilling method may not exceed 1 hour;
7 Research and development of small portable oscillators to improve extraction efficiency and reproducibility of test results. If you can handle 8 soil oscillators at the same time, improve the efficiency by 7 times.
By adopting and developing such necessary technical measures, the test speed and cost of the soil nutrient fastness tester can reach the acceptable level of economic laws for soil testing and fertilizer application. Table 3 shows the empirical data of the soil fat meter. It should be pointed out that the speed of improvement must be based on low cost. Although some technical speeds are faster, equipment is more expensive or some of its components are not easy to maintain and are not suitable for use at the grassroots level. Such technologies should be used with caution.
1. The portability and compatibility of the soil nutrient speed meter The portability and compatibility of the speed meter are required to facilitate the use of the instrument at the grass-roots level, to facilitate mobile services, to reduce the time required to transport the soil samples, and to shorten the service cycle. To do this, take the following measures:
1 Test and analysis methods are generalized: if no measurement of soil, fertilizer, plants, or measurement of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, or organic matter, colorimetric or turbidimetric methods are used.
2 Vessels, utensils, and materials are complete: From simple balances, calculators, volumetric flasks, pipettes, to washing bottles, reagent spoons, filter papers, and mirror papers, everything that is necessary for testing must be readily available. As far as possible from the laboratory conditions, the test analysis can be completed independently.
3 Minimization of dosage: The size of dosage does not only affect the portability of the instrument, but also relates to the cost of the test. The key here is that the measuring pool should be small.
4 Small size, light weight: Including instruments and supporting utensils should be small and precise, and the packaging materials should be thin and light. Such as colorimeter filter type, circuit integration, pharmaceutical products, bottled plastic and so on.
5 Packing Suitcase: Regardless of equipment, utensils or medicines, all items should be able to be positioned into the suitcase for easy carrying. To prevent instrument corrosion, drugs and instruments should be packed.
6 Power diversification: In order to adapt to the rural power supply, the instrument should be AC-DC.
7 Accessories Alternate: Some accessories and pharmaceuticals are available for users to purchase on demand, to avoid excessive weight.
2. Several problems that need to be solved in the development of low-cost rapid measurement technology
2.1 Compared with the spectrophotometric technology, the first one is that the wavelength can't be chosen arbitrarily. First, the monochromaticity of the light wave is slightly inferior, but its size is small, the weight is light, and the cost is low. Speed ​​meter as a dedicated analyzer, the arbitrary choice of wavelength has no meaning. Although the monochromaticity of the light wave is slightly poor, the fact proves that its characteristics can still meet the needs of the filter photoelectric photometric colorimeter, as a kind of special measuring instrument which is portable, portable, fast, versatile, and inexpensive. The unique role of soil testing and fertilization in rural areas is suitable for China's national conditions. It is even irreplaceable from the economic point of view.
2.2 The establishment of suitable for different soils of the relationship between the value of the conventional analysis of the value of the data system development of rapid measurement techniques need to establish a rapid measurement of the abundance of indicators and guidance of fertilization technical specifications. Before this foundation is completed, rapid measurement techniques must make full use of conventional technical data to guide fertilization, which requires conversion. The premise of the conversion is that there is a significant correlation between the fast value and the conventional value. Each type of speedometer should perform its own correlation coefficient test and should have its own conversion factor. Although there are a number of methods used in soil fertility meters that are not quick-tracking methods but follow conventional methods, they cannot avoid the problem of conversion factors. For example, in the case that alkali nitrogen cannot be measured at a rapid rate, ammonium nitrogen needs to be converted to alkaline nitrogen (although the correlation between the two is not stable), and the measured nephelometric potassium needs to be converted into flame photometric potassium. The diluted organic matter obtained must be converted to organic matter by heating in the oil bath. Otherwise, conventional analytical data cannot be used to guide fertilization.
2.3 The construction of a high-quality soil nutrient rapid measurement technology team a large number of facts show that the quality of soil testing and fertilizing personnel is an extremely important factor restricting the promotion of soil testing and fertilizer application technology. Soil nutrient measurement often fails to achieve the required accuracy or cannot effectively guide fertilization. A significant difference between low-cost soil nutrient testing and routine soil testing is that testers can't just test. They must understand agriculture and know fertilization techniques before they can convert rapid test results into fertilization programs.
2.4 Taking the road of combining soil nutrient fast measurement and fertilizer sales In the recent period, some fertilizer manufacturers and fertilizer distribution companies, including companies related to the light industry system, supply and marketing cooperatives system, and soil and fertilizer station systems, launched free soil testing and fertilizer application in combination with product sales. Service work. This service system is not only beneficial to enterprises, but also easily accepted by farmers, and promotes the promotion of soil testing and fertilizer application technologies. If it can be combined with low-cost rapid measurement technology, it will be a viable service system under the conditions of a market economy. The operation of soil testing and fertilization in China is restricted by the low efficiency and high cost of field decentralization and routine analysis in China. The only way out is to take the fast, accurate, and cost-effective path. At present, China has better rapid measurement technology. The important thing is to adapt to the national conditions and to comply with the economic laws. We must shift the use of routine analysis techniques to conduct fertilization tests on the soil and shift it to conventional analytical techniques to support the low cost of decentralized services. The measurement technology is the main technical route; the simple reliance on the paid service of the agricultural technology promotion department is changed to the service system based on the combination of fertilizer sales and technical services. We will improve basic research and strengthen personnel training under the organization of national competent authorities. In this way, China's soil testing and fertilization can be solidly and vigorously developed, and contribute to the development of China's agriculture and fertilizer industry.
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