China's ethnic medicine should take the road to modernization

The state's ambiguous positioning of ethnic medicines, lack of guidance from specific authorities, serious follow-up talent shrinkage, poor integration of ethnic medicine and modern high-tech, and lack of perfect medicine standards have seriously affected and hindered the development of ethnic medicine. Relevant experts called for the urgent problems facing the national medicine of our country to be resolved as soon as possible and embark on the road to modern development.

- The fruits of our national medicine

Dr. Mei Zhinan, a leader of the Institute of Ethnic Pharmacology at South-Central University for Nationalities, said that 85% of China's 12807 drug resources belong to ethnic medicine. The results of several census conducted by the Ministry of Health show that there are more than 8,000 varieties of Chinese medicine, including 908 kinds of Tibetan medicinal materials, 1342 kinds of Mongolian medicinal materials, and more than 600 kinds of medicinal herbs. At the same time, ethnic medical institutions have grown to nearly 200. In Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Qinghai, and Sichuan provinces and autonomous regions, 15 independent ethnic and pharmaceutical research institutes have also been established. Some comprehensive universities have established specialized ethnic and medical specialties and trained a large number of ethnic and medical personnel.

By the end of 2005, more than 30 ethnic drug manufacturers have been established throughout the country, which has changed the backward operation status of the “pre-stores and workshops” in the past. The means for the production of ethnic pharmaceutical preparations has been improved, and new national medicines have been developed using modern scientific and technological methods. Products on the market, such as "Seven Shiwei Pearl Pills," "Renqing Changjue Pills," "Qizheng Tibetan Medicine Paste," "A total of Artemisia granules," "Gout Wind" and so on. Some influential national medical publications have also been published one after another, such as "Chinese Ethnic Drugs," "Chinese Tibetan Medicine," "Di Qing Tibetan Medicine," "A Brief History of Mongolian Medicine," and so on. Various forms of ethnic medicine and academic exchange activities are held every year throughout the country.

Experts said that the standardized production base of Chinese medicine for ethnic medicines is constantly expanding. Chinese medicine resources and ecological environment protection, sustainable utilization and comprehensive development of Chinese medicine resources have been incorporated into the national plan for poverty alleviation and ecological construction of western development. Since 1999, various provinces and regions have been carrying out a series of work such as the standardization of the management of Chinese herbal medicine planting and the ISO 14001 certification of Chinese pharmaceutical companies. At the beginning of 2002, the state promulgated the management regulations for the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines. At present, there are more than 150 varieties of planting and management standards for the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines, of which many are ethnic and medicinal varieties such as ferulae, snow lotus, ai naga, and gynostemma. At the same time, China has also applied some new technologies and methods to ethnic medicine and obtained preliminary results. The research literature on active substances and their mechanisms of action for ethnic drugs has gradually increased from the cellular and molecular levels.

- Ethnic medicine regains opportunities for development

With "respecting nature and returning to nature", the development of "green medicine" has become a global consumer trend, and traditional medicine has been re-emphasized and favored worldwide. This gives China a long history of unique medical theory and rich experience in drug use. The development of medicine and ethnic medicine has brought opportunities.

Relevant experts stated that China's ethnic medicine has unique natural resources and unique prescription and treatment techniques for the prevention and treatment of diseases. It has been researching and developing the achievements and experiences for more than 40 years, and has created a number of clinical research and product research and development research technologies. The contingent of cadres and the unique theory of ethnic medicine have also gradually taken shape. There are also the “Regional National Autonomy Law” and the preferential policies for the development of the western region, which have created conditions for the development of ethnic medicine.

Fu Jinghua, a professor at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, told reporters that ethnic medicine has many crossovers and similarities with traditional Chinese medicine in terms of drug resources, theories guiding the use of drugs, and development history, and that ethnic medicine is only absorbed in a very small range. Application, therefore, many people equate Chinese medicine and national medicine, and most of the funds and manpower invested are allocated to the field of traditional Chinese medicine research. The development of ethnic medicine still does not attract sufficient attention, and new technology methods are used. With the development of ethnic drugs, the development of ethnic medicine has been stagnant.

Beijing Dekun Yao Medical Hospital, said Xu Yunyun, ethnic medicine is a traditional medicine industry, the competent authorities should be the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the provincial Bureau, but in fact these departments are unable to manage, has always been a national medicine is self-destruction, in a Kind of embarrassing situation.

Zhou Yijun, deputy director of the School of Life and Environment at the Central University for Nationalities, said that traditional teachers are the teaching methods used by ethnic medicine. They have to learn at least 5-9 years. Now that some old doctors have died, some doctors only understand the national language. Unable to pass the apprenticeship, the talent team of ethnic medicine is shrinking, the talented person in employment is reduced, and the high-level talents are lacking. Moreover, the qualifications, titles, and diplomas of the current national medical practitioners are also the main problems that plague the construction of the current national medical team. According to the current doctor examination system, a large number of private doctors enjoy high prestige in the local area, but they are unable to pass the medical qualification examination and they are not even qualified to practice medicine. In particular, in some medical colleges and universities, using the model of western medicine to cultivate the national medical practitioner has not only lost the characteristics of the national medical practitioner, but also has made it more difficult for the inheritance and development of ethnic medicine.

Mei Zhinan said that there are a large number of secret recipes passed down from generation to generation by all ethnic groups in China. Nearly 80% of ethnic minorities also have their own medicines. Due to the unique natural growth environment, these herbs generally have the characteristics of no pollution, high activity and strong drug power. However, the secret recipes are mostly spread in the folk by the method of oral transmission. There is a lack of complete theoretical conclusions, and there are few varieties listed. At present, many ethnic drugs have not changed the old method used directly by the "Tang Langzhong" to smash the medicinal materials directly. Basically, the raw powder is directly used as raw powder, without refinement, and the dosage form is relatively backward. Take pill, powder, paste, oil, etc. as The Lord cannot meet the needs of modern medicine; some also have obvious toxic and side effects. Many national therapies do not have charging standards. There is no basis for how to collect fees. Some ethnic medicines have not entered the medical insurance list. Therefore, in the minds of many patients, the ethnic doctors are synonymous with “travelling medicine” and they are reluctant to go to these hospitals to treat diseases. . Without patients, many ethnic hospitals face difficulties in their survival. Where else can funds continue to expand?

Huang Fukai and other experts at the Beijing Tibetan Medicine Hospital believe that although Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, and Uighur medicinal herbs have legal standards, their specificity is poor and their methods are backward, which is not enough to control the quality of medicinal materials. There are no standards for other ethnic medicines. If the formulation of national medicinal herbs standards is not strengthened, conducting modern research will be empty talk.

- Modernization is the development direction of ethnic medicine

Experts said that the application of new technologies has strongly promoted drug analysis, evaluation of drug efficacy, mechanism research, and improvement of dosage forms. It should be used as a reference for the development of ethnic drugs. Allowing ethnic drugs to take the path of modernization and improve their scientific and technological content has become an urgent problem to be solved.

Experts suggest that the management of ethnic medicine should be strengthened in the industry. A department under the State Affairs Commission can be set up to take charge of the planning and development of ethnic medicine and promote the modernization of ethnic medicine. We will further strengthen the formulation of national medicinal herbs standards and strive to obtain a statutory status. As soon as peer review is conducted to solve the problem of ethnic medicines entering the medical insurance catalog, a national medicine section can be set up in the basic directory of medical insurance. At the same time, through the promotion and exhibition, people’s minds are changed and old people’s concepts are used to help the ethnic medical units establish themselves. Positive image.

As for the issue of talent shortage, some experts recommend strengthening the construction of talent cultivation bases and focusing on the training of talents at all levels. In particular, high-level talents can work together with some medical schools to train ethnic doctors and give these ethnic doctors a formal doctor identity. Include their technical titles in the range of professional titles of health technicians, and in the evaluation process, combine the actual conditions of various ethnic medicines and make a reasonable assessment.

Experts suggest that government departments at all levels must take effective measures to preserve the culture of ethnic medicine, save the culture of ethnic medicine, and avoid over-exploitation and utilization of ethnic medicine resources, so as not to damage the ecological resources. The National Nature Reserve for Medicinal Herbs should be established, research on family breeding and family upkeep training should be strengthened, varieties should be selected, research and promotion should be carried out in accordance with the national regulations on the cultivation and management of Chinese medicinal plants that have already been promulgated, and a standardized production base of medicinal herbs for ethnic people should be established to produce high-yield products with stable quality. , pollution-free quality green folk medicine. At the same time, we can also consider the national medicine theory as a guide, from the national drug to select the unilateral, prescription for effective treatment of product development or the separation and identification of active ingredients, and increase the innovation and development of ethnic drugs.

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