The need to digest excess capacity
The level of fine chemical industry is a major indicator of the degree of development of a chemical industry and the level of science and technology in a country or region. This principle has long been known in the industry. The problem of low fine chemical industry in the chemical industry in China has existed for a long time.
Zhao Jungui, vice president and secretary-general of the China Petrochemical Association, first cited a series of data. Soda ash production capacity has reached 23 million tons, while domestic consumption is only about 16.7 million tons; caustic soda production capacity has reached 25 million tons, domestic consumption is only about 16.5 million tons; PVC production capacity has reached more than 16 million tons, domestic consumption is only about 10 million tons; yellow phosphorus production capacity has reached 2 million tons, domestic consumption is only about 760,000 tons; sulfuric acid production capacity has reached 70 million tons, domestic consumption is only 50 million tons; phosphate fertilizer production capacity has reached more than 20 million tons, domestic The consumption is only over 11 million tons. At the same time, each year, China imports 23 million tons of synthetic resin, and its foreign dependency is as high as 40%. It imports 45,000 tons of caprolactam, and its foreign dependency is as high as 60%. It imports more than 3 million tons of potash, and its foreign dependence is as high as 50%. These figures show that the contradiction between the overcapacity of primary products in the chemical industry and the shortage of production capacity of fine chemicals are increasingly prominent. The vigorous development of the fine chemical industry is an urgent need to curb the overcapacity of traditional industries.
Wang Xiujiang, assistant director of the Department of Science and Technology of the China Petrochemical Association, said that most companies are very familiar with traditional chemical industry, and they are incapable of doing fine chemicals. In 2009, affected by the international financial crisis, the growth rate of the chemical industry slowed down significantly, product prices fell, and corporate income declined. Although the industry has shown some recovery, the pace of development is not fast enough. At present, under the new situation in which the central government proposes to reduce carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to 45% by 2020, it is imperative for the chemical industry to develop fine chemicals and adjust industrial structure. At present, the main development directions are: breakthrough in core catalytic technology, modern reaction engineering technology and fine processing technology, development of low-carbon, environmentally friendly processes; development of functional, high-performance, specialization, high value-added products, production technology, to meet the relevant The demand for high-end chemical products in the industry has increased the market share in the field of high-tech products, which has enabled China's fine chemical industry to accelerate its development in the new situation and leapt to a new level.
The need to increase competitiveness
Engineer Jiang Shunping of the China National Association for Calcium Carbide said that recently the country has increased the industrial electricity price by 0.028 yuan per kilowatt-hour, and 1 ton of calcium carbide has increased the cost by about 100 yuan. Although the amount of money is not large, it is terrible for most calcium carbide companies. Because these plants have a single product and only one calcium carbide product, the added value is low. Coupled with the impact of the international financial crisis in 2009, the calcium carbide market is sluggish, and the ability of companies to digest rising electricity prices is very limited. This situation fully shows that it is imperative to adjust the product structure and develop downstream deep processing. According to reports, although the investment in downstream deep-processing of calcium carbide development is relatively large, recently some companies have also developed downstream products with little investment and good returns. Such as calcium carbide furnace tail gas to make sodium formate, the project also has the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction, raw materials are white, pollution problems have also been resolved, the product market is vast.
The need to develop a low-carbon economy
At present, domestic chemical products with excess production capacity are mostly high-carbon emission products, and the energy consumption per unit product is generally higher than in foreign countries. Taking the key energy-consuming products in the chemical industry - synthetic ammonia, caustic soda and calcium carbide as examples. Compared with the advanced level in foreign countries, their energy consumption levels are on average 14%-23% higher, 8%-18% higher, and 15%-21% higher. According to the China Calcium Carbide Industry Association, China is the largest producer of calcium carbide in the world, and the proportion of advanced closed-type calcium carbide furnaces accounts for only 20%. Closed calcium carbide furnaces produce approximately 400 cubic meters of furnace gas per ton of calcium carbide, of which 82% are carbon monoxide. Other types of calcium carbide furnaces are unable to use carbon monoxide produced. They can only be directly discharged after combustion, causing energy waste, and at the same time exacerbating carbon dioxide emissions. If the existing non-enclosed calcium carbide furnace in China is converted into a closed furnace, the existing carbon monoxide can be purified to produce chemical products such as sodium formate, formic acid, and methanol using existing technologies, and about 4.1 million tons of carbon dioxide can be reduced annually.
At present, the output of traditional bulk products such as caustic soda, calcium carbide, yellow phosphorus, and methanol ranks among the top in the world. China's yellow phosphorus production capacity accounts for 80% of the world's total production capacity and is the largest yellow phosphorus exporter. The proportion of high-carbon emissions industries is so large that we are paying a heavy price. The chemical industry will undoubtedly face enormous difficulties and challenges in fulfilling the country’s carbon emission reduction targets.
It is reported that in order to achieve the new carbon emission reduction targets proposed by the country, the China Petrochemical Association is formulating an industry-wide guiding opinion – a low-carbon economic road map. This roadmap will require the elimination of backward production capacity and will encourage the development of technologies that will help reduce carbon emissions and increase refinement rates, such as reducing raw material consumption, reducing energy consumption, and reducing pollutants and carbon dioxide emissions. In the "Guidelines for Structural Adjustment of the Petroleum and Chemical Industry" issued in October last year, the Association has proposed the goal of energy-saving and emission-reduction across the industry: By 2015, the entire industry will ensure the completion of the national "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" energy-saving and emission reduction targets. The overall energy consumption of a unit of product fell to 1 ton of standard coal, yellow phosphorus dropped to 7 tons of standard coal, and synthetic ammonia dropped to 1.7 tons of standard coal; compared to the end of the 11th five-year plan, COD emissions fell by 8% and ammonia-nitrogen emissions dropped by 15 %, sulfur dioxide emissions in the process decreased by 5% and so on. The road map's requirements for energy conservation and consumption reduction may be higher, and the threshold for eliminating backward production capacity may be higher than the "Guidance Opinion."
Fine chemicals can achieve greater GDP with fewer resources, lower energy consumption and carbon emissions. China's chemical industry has to transition to a low-carbon economy, but it is only taking the road to fine chemicals – this is the consensus of all associations.
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