Experts discuss energy-saving topics in a multi-pronged way to reduce emissions
The editors held a forum in accordance with the National Environmental Advisory Committee and the State Administration of Environmental Protection Science and Technology Committee. The participating experts spoke freely around the hot topics of environmental protection work. They also made suggestions for further promoting pollution reduction, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction targets, and advancing China’s environmental protection development. .
Understand the basic data specification standards
Tang Xiaoyan (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
Environmental protection must solve the problem of unclear bottom. The general survey of pollution sources that has already been carried out is necessary. However, this is still the first step. It is necessary to do a lot of work to grasp the dynamic situation. At present, the unclear base may be the main reason why many pollutions cannot be controlled in time and policies cannot be implemented. The basic data is very important, not only relates to the technical key to the reflection of China's environmental conditions and control of the emission of pollutants, but also relates to the formulation and implementation of various environmental protection policies. Without reliable basic data, the emission reduction of pollutants is not easy to implement. Environmental protection agencies at all levels should establish a dynamic database of environmental basic data.
In order to do a good job in environmental protection, we must establish an environmental database. There is a big difference between small cities and big cities. The implementation of environmental quality standards must adopt specific and local measures for different regions. Regarding environmental protection work, whether it is monitoring, statistics of pollution sources or the implementation of environmental impact assessment, control technology promotion, and the implementation of policies, regulations, etc., the quality issue is very important. If this premise is tightened, the pace of environmental protection work will be accelerated.
Wang Hao (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering):
According to China's national conditions, we should focus on reducing emissions at the source. Now the accounts are unclear, the status of pollution sources is unclear, the number of emissions from point sources, the number of emissions from cities, the number of emissions from rural areas, and the number of emissions from life, and there are no detailed statistical data with scientific evidence. Regarding emission standards, we have introduced standards for North America and Europe. Standards are suitable for the situation in Europe and the United States and are not suitable for areas where productivity is so concentrated in China. We are now setting too low a fee for exceeding the standard of non-compliance. Excessive charges must be fined to allow over-specified companies to “turn their backs†and cannot allow it to pass on the huge cost of pollution to society as a whole.
Lu Yaoru (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering):
I call for China to make environmental protection the primary policy and the primary keynote in the future. The current environment has reached a point where governance is not possible and must be managed under gravity. Environmental protection is related to the image of the entire country. It is not only the responsibility of the State Environmental Protection Administration, but also the key task of the country. It is a matter of common concern to all people. To strengthen environmental protection functions, we must have a "green" working mechanism, clear responsibilities, and effective supervision. It is hoped that the environmental protection departments will recognize their responsibilities, seize opportunities, overcome difficulties, and make greater efforts to build an environment-friendly society.
Zou Deci (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
At the national level, energy conservation and emission reduction involve our country’s commitment and responsibility to the world. At the local and city level, there has been a conflict between the pursuit of economic development and environmental protection for many years. In resolving contradictions, there are phenomena in some regions that emphasize economic and environmental protection. The State Environmental Protection Administration adopts measures such as regional restrictions on approval and rest and recuperation, which will surely produce positive results. In addition, energy conservation and emission reduction should be grasped together, energy saving is conducive to emission reduction, and it is conducive to environmental protection. At present, the national building energy conservation is very tight, and the construction of green buildings and green communities is advancing.
Strengthen government functions and increase supervision
Pan Ziqiang (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
I have four suggestions: First, establish an effective environmental management system and mechanisms to strengthen the functions and powers of the environmental protection department; second, we recommend that the state significantly increase the budget for environmental protection research and supervision, and increase investment in environmental supervision research, including environmental supervision. The expenditures on methods, monitoring methods and instruments, environmental assessment methods, and environmental laws and regulations should be guaranteed, and provide support for the establishment of an advanced monitoring system and a complete law enforcement system. Third, it is recommended to strengthen the study of external costs, and sewage charges should be at least low. For external costs; Fourth, it is recommended to carry out energy and environmental assessment.
There are many problems that need to be studied in China's energy environment, including coal-fired power generation, and hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, and solar power generation also have many problems to be studied. For example, it is generally considered that only coal-fired power generates greenhouse gases, and virtually all kinds of energy sources generate greenhouse gases, but to varying degrees. Without thorough research, it will be difficult to formulate effective energy policies and it will be difficult to control pollution from the source.
Hao Jiming (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
I have two suggestions: The first is to strengthen the restrictive status of environmental protection in energy strategy and planning. We face the problem of multi-scale air pollution caused by energy production and consumption. From the perspective of cities, the air quality in many cities needs to be improved. We must not only pay attention to primary pollutants, but also focus on secondary pollution such as fine particles and ozone, and focus on the impact of air pollution on human health. From a global perspective, we must actively respond to global environmental issues such as climate change. All of this requires that we must strengthen the restrictive status of environmental protection in energy strategy and planning, and incorporate global and regional pollution governance into energy development strategies. The State Environmental Protection Administration should play a more important role in environmental strategy.
Second, supervision and management are in place to complete the key pollutant emission reduction targets. Combining sulphur dioxide, at present, the work of the environmental protection departments in desulphurization has made a good start, but the pressure is still high. Qualified operating personnel are the key to efficient and stable operation. It is necessary to strengthen the technical training for them; the quality of desulfurizers is also an important condition for efficient emission reduction, quality requirements for desulfurizers, and the credibility of continuous monitoring system data. . China recently launched a desulphurization franchise, which helps to link operating conditions with the economy. Management and supervision are in place so that the benefits of desulphurization projects can be truly realized.
Liu Genghe (Fellow of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
Pollution control must strengthen supervision and management of all kinds of pollution. I give two examples of non-point source pollution. I have investigated the reservoirs of a township in a certain county. The reservoir holds 5,600 cubic meters of water every year. After being rented out by the township to raise fish farmers, the reservoir holds more than 2,000 cubic meters of water every year. Not only that, the fish farmer puts 3 tons to 4 tons of phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer and 1 to 2 tons of pig manure and chicken manure every year. This fish is fat, high yield, but the water is seriously polluted. In the past, the water in the reservoir was potable and it is now used to wash clothes. There are 7 reservoirs in this township, 6 are rented out to fish farmers, and only 1 is used to solve the drinking water problem of the common people. This shows that some places still only care about economic development, neglecting environmental protection and ignoring the interests of the people.
This phenomenon also exists in a place called Baiku County. I have inspected over 70 reservoirs and ponds there, and a large part of it is packaged for farmers to fish, and the water quality is obviously worse. It is suggested that the state study the introduction of relevant policies to compensate farmers who are responsible for urban water transfer missions, so that they can also be protected if they do not feed fish.
Improve Environmental Legal System to Manage Environment in Accordance with the Law
Ma Yucong (Researcher, Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences):
To strengthen environmental protection, we must resolutely implement the “rule of law†strategy, improve the environmental legal system, and manage the environment in accordance with the law. At present, we must earnestly do a good job in the following things: First, we must urgently revise the Environmental Protection Law, clearly state the basic principles and countermeasures of national environmental protection, strictly regulate the government's environmental protection responsibilities, corporate environmental protection responsibilities, and citizens’ environmental protection rights and obligations. We will improve and improve the basic system of environmental protection and provide a solid and effective legal basis for environmental protection.
Second, establish a unified leadership of the government, unified supervision and management of the environmental protection department, and the relevant departments responsible for the division of work, mutual coordination and environmental management system.
Third, vigorously promote courts, procuratorates and public security agencies to strengthen environmental justice and law enforcement. The judiciary is the main embodiment of the state's coercive force. They should pay more attention to the handling of environmental cases, resolutely crack down on environmental violations and crimes that pollute and destroy the country’s ecological environment and infringe upon the people’s interests, and never condone pollution and environmental destruction. .
Fourth, we must pay attention to research on environmental pollution, ecological destruction and corruption, crack down on collusion between officials and businessmen, and do not hesitate to pollute and destroy the environment and profiteering.
Yin Ruiqi (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering):
Iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals and building materials industries are typical process manufacturing industries, and they are industries that are rich in materials, energy, capital, and technology. At present, the development and production of the process industry in China are still not completely out of the extensive mode, relying heavily on the high consumption of resources and energy to support it.
To this end, laws, regulations, policies, and standards for the development of circular economy should be accelerated, established, and enforced throughout the country. The general laws, methods, and rules and regulations of the industry must be linked to each other and complement each other. I suggest that relevant government departments and industry associations should take the lead to formulate a reasonable policy and pricing system for the secondary energy generation of enterprises to access the Internet; formulate and improve relevant policies for slag, fly ash, etc. for the building materials industry; and introduce and establish a diversified investment in circular economy. And market mechanisms, play a role in credit policies, actively support circular economy projects; establish a global concept of resource use, actively use international resources, and timely adjust import and export policies. We should increase investment in the common key technologies and cutting-edge technologies for the development of the recycling economy in the process industry, encourage and guide the development of circular economy research by qualified industrial research institutes, establish a recycling economy technology incubation base, and promote the industrialization of circular economy technologies.
Wang Yangzu (member of the Science and Technology Committee of the State Environmental Protection Administration):
Since China's pollution control in the Huaihe River Basin in 1994, it has proposed a series of directive targets for pollution control and environmental quality improvement. These targets have a certain role in accelerating pollution control and doing a good job in environmental protection. However, in today's sustained and rapid economic development, industrial restructuring has not yet been completed, and environmental protection debts are still more at the stage, some goals are difficult to achieve, and although some goals are barely met, it is difficult to consolidate, and there are rebounds afterwards. The goal is to make great efforts to complete, and the administrative cost is too high.
In the future, environmental protection work should focus on conscientiously implementing environmental protection laws and regulations, policies, and various management systems, and strive to use environmental protection measures to promote industrial restructuring, while striving for more environmental input, and accelerate environmental infrastructure construction. National Environmental Protection Publicity and Education. When these things are done, the discharge of pollutants will gradually decrease and the quality of the environment will improve day by day.
State Peng (Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences):
In recent years, great progress has been made in the construction of China's environmental protection legal system. However, there are still cases where laws are not adhered to, and enforcement is not strict. In order to strengthen scientific monitoring, planning, and management, the State Environmental Protection Administration needs to set up a number of branches and agencies throughout the country. Under the direct leadership of the State Environmental Protection Administration, it acts as an independent agency to manage and plan environmental and ecological protection work in specific regions, including regional ecology. Implementation of functional zoning and planning, monitoring and management of urban-rural industrial point source pollution, control of agricultural non-point source pollution, comprehensive assessment of regional environment, construction of pollution discharge monitoring network, and construction of emergencies and emergency response systems. It is recommended that the National Environmental Advisory Committee invites experts to conduct in-depth demonstrations, conduct in-depth analysis and propose specific plans based on the current administrative divisions and related departments, river basin zoning plans, and statistics on atmospheric and water quality pollution monitoring stations, urban development plans, and general description of nature reserves. Provide leadership for decision-making.
Increase environmental input to promote technological innovation
Zhang Kunmin (Professor, Tsinghua University):
In 2006, environmental protection was formally included in the state budget. This is a major breakthrough. It is suggested that the relevant experiences of the United States, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore should be carefully studied so that this new fiscal policy of China will play its due role in the new period. At the same time, the financial, taxation, and banking sectors have shown increasing interest in some tax and financial policies that are conducive to environmental protection. Such policies, if designed well and executed well, can play a huge role.
We must pay attention to the effectiveness of environmental investment costs. On the one hand, environmental planning and environmental science and technology need to be strengthened. On the other hand, it is recommended to strengthen statistics and analysis of environmental investment in the country, especially investment in key river basins and key areas of environmental investment and environmental protection departments' own capacity-building, so that problems can be found in a timely manner and corrected at any time. In addition, there may be interest groups or industry monopolies in different sectors during the governance of the environment. It is recommended that relevant parties carefully investigate and study, establish a fair and orderly competition mechanism, reduce costs, and increase investment efficiency, because the construction and operation of these pollution control facilities are important guarantees for achieving emission reduction targets.
Zhang Hao (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
The situation of pollutant discharge in China is still severe. Environmental protection should enter the mainstream economy, use the environment to optimize economic development, including planning environmental assessment, strict industrial environmental access, eliminate backward production capacity, technology, specify environmental policy orientation, and source pollution control of clean production and recycling economy models. The decision to coordinate the development of a series of environmental economies is very timely and correct. In addition, under the premise of environmental priority, to strengthen environmental technology innovation, China's environmental science and technology innovation capability is lagging behind other areas, the lack of support for the environment to optimize economic development is obviously insufficient, should take the opportunity of the State Environmental Protection Administration to host major water special projects, and vigorously promote the environment The improvement of scientific and technological innovation capabilities will promote environmental optimization of economic development at the technical level.
Cai Daoji (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering):
In the "Surface Pollution Control and Management" major science and technology projects, the responsibilities of the principal responsible persons of the local government should be clarified, and the plans formulated in this way will be more realistic, and the measures will be more effective when the plan is implemented, and it will be more rigid when implementing the results. In the public welfare research projects, China has implemented a combination of production, learning, and research, and has achieved remarkable results. In the public- benefit research projects of environmental protection, the government, the school, and the research institute should use a combination of methods. Get better results.
Wang Wenxing (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering):
Since our country enacted the Environmental Protection Law in 1979, after more than 20 years of hard work, various environmental laws and regulations have been gradually improved, but the environmental quality has not yet fundamentally changed. A series of laws and regulations have not been fully implemented in earnest. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of environmental legal system. . In addition to this, we must also increase investment in environmental research, and effectively use science and technology to promote environmental protection. We are pursuing improvements in the quality of the environment. This requires many new sciences and new technologies to support it. In the future, we still need to explore many scientific and technological issues that affect the quality of the environment and improve the quality of the environment. Only by continuous development of environmental science and technology can we achieve a sound and rapid economic and social development.
Understand the basic data specification standards
Tang Xiaoyan (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
Environmental protection must solve the problem of unclear bottom. The general survey of pollution sources that has already been carried out is necessary. However, this is still the first step. It is necessary to do a lot of work to grasp the dynamic situation. At present, the unclear base may be the main reason why many pollutions cannot be controlled in time and policies cannot be implemented. The basic data is very important, not only relates to the technical key to the reflection of China's environmental conditions and control of the emission of pollutants, but also relates to the formulation and implementation of various environmental protection policies. Without reliable basic data, the emission reduction of pollutants is not easy to implement. Environmental protection agencies at all levels should establish a dynamic database of environmental basic data.
In order to do a good job in environmental protection, we must establish an environmental database. There is a big difference between small cities and big cities. The implementation of environmental quality standards must adopt specific and local measures for different regions. Regarding environmental protection work, whether it is monitoring, statistics of pollution sources or the implementation of environmental impact assessment, control technology promotion, and the implementation of policies, regulations, etc., the quality issue is very important. If this premise is tightened, the pace of environmental protection work will be accelerated.
Wang Hao (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering):
According to China's national conditions, we should focus on reducing emissions at the source. Now the accounts are unclear, the status of pollution sources is unclear, the number of emissions from point sources, the number of emissions from cities, the number of emissions from rural areas, and the number of emissions from life, and there are no detailed statistical data with scientific evidence. Regarding emission standards, we have introduced standards for North America and Europe. Standards are suitable for the situation in Europe and the United States and are not suitable for areas where productivity is so concentrated in China. We are now setting too low a fee for exceeding the standard of non-compliance. Excessive charges must be fined to allow over-specified companies to “turn their backs†and cannot allow it to pass on the huge cost of pollution to society as a whole.
Lu Yaoru (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering):
I call for China to make environmental protection the primary policy and the primary keynote in the future. The current environment has reached a point where governance is not possible and must be managed under gravity. Environmental protection is related to the image of the entire country. It is not only the responsibility of the State Environmental Protection Administration, but also the key task of the country. It is a matter of common concern to all people. To strengthen environmental protection functions, we must have a "green" working mechanism, clear responsibilities, and effective supervision. It is hoped that the environmental protection departments will recognize their responsibilities, seize opportunities, overcome difficulties, and make greater efforts to build an environment-friendly society.
Zou Deci (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
At the national level, energy conservation and emission reduction involve our country’s commitment and responsibility to the world. At the local and city level, there has been a conflict between the pursuit of economic development and environmental protection for many years. In resolving contradictions, there are phenomena in some regions that emphasize economic and environmental protection. The State Environmental Protection Administration adopts measures such as regional restrictions on approval and rest and recuperation, which will surely produce positive results. In addition, energy conservation and emission reduction should be grasped together, energy saving is conducive to emission reduction, and it is conducive to environmental protection. At present, the national building energy conservation is very tight, and the construction of green buildings and green communities is advancing.
Strengthen government functions and increase supervision
Pan Ziqiang (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
I have four suggestions: First, establish an effective environmental management system and mechanisms to strengthen the functions and powers of the environmental protection department; second, we recommend that the state significantly increase the budget for environmental protection research and supervision, and increase investment in environmental supervision research, including environmental supervision. The expenditures on methods, monitoring methods and instruments, environmental assessment methods, and environmental laws and regulations should be guaranteed, and provide support for the establishment of an advanced monitoring system and a complete law enforcement system. Third, it is recommended to strengthen the study of external costs, and sewage charges should be at least low. For external costs; Fourth, it is recommended to carry out energy and environmental assessment.
There are many problems that need to be studied in China's energy environment, including coal-fired power generation, and hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, and solar power generation also have many problems to be studied. For example, it is generally considered that only coal-fired power generates greenhouse gases, and virtually all kinds of energy sources generate greenhouse gases, but to varying degrees. Without thorough research, it will be difficult to formulate effective energy policies and it will be difficult to control pollution from the source.
Hao Jiming (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
I have two suggestions: The first is to strengthen the restrictive status of environmental protection in energy strategy and planning. We face the problem of multi-scale air pollution caused by energy production and consumption. From the perspective of cities, the air quality in many cities needs to be improved. We must not only pay attention to primary pollutants, but also focus on secondary pollution such as fine particles and ozone, and focus on the impact of air pollution on human health. From a global perspective, we must actively respond to global environmental issues such as climate change. All of this requires that we must strengthen the restrictive status of environmental protection in energy strategy and planning, and incorporate global and regional pollution governance into energy development strategies. The State Environmental Protection Administration should play a more important role in environmental strategy.
Second, supervision and management are in place to complete the key pollutant emission reduction targets. Combining sulphur dioxide, at present, the work of the environmental protection departments in desulphurization has made a good start, but the pressure is still high. Qualified operating personnel are the key to efficient and stable operation. It is necessary to strengthen the technical training for them; the quality of desulfurizers is also an important condition for efficient emission reduction, quality requirements for desulfurizers, and the credibility of continuous monitoring system data. . China recently launched a desulphurization franchise, which helps to link operating conditions with the economy. Management and supervision are in place so that the benefits of desulphurization projects can be truly realized.
Liu Genghe (Fellow of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
Pollution control must strengthen supervision and management of all kinds of pollution. I give two examples of non-point source pollution. I have investigated the reservoirs of a township in a certain county. The reservoir holds 5,600 cubic meters of water every year. After being rented out by the township to raise fish farmers, the reservoir holds more than 2,000 cubic meters of water every year. Not only that, the fish farmer puts 3 tons to 4 tons of phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer and 1 to 2 tons of pig manure and chicken manure every year. This fish is fat, high yield, but the water is seriously polluted. In the past, the water in the reservoir was potable and it is now used to wash clothes. There are 7 reservoirs in this township, 6 are rented out to fish farmers, and only 1 is used to solve the drinking water problem of the common people. This shows that some places still only care about economic development, neglecting environmental protection and ignoring the interests of the people.
This phenomenon also exists in a place called Baiku County. I have inspected over 70 reservoirs and ponds there, and a large part of it is packaged for farmers to fish, and the water quality is obviously worse. It is suggested that the state study the introduction of relevant policies to compensate farmers who are responsible for urban water transfer missions, so that they can also be protected if they do not feed fish.
Improve Environmental Legal System to Manage Environment in Accordance with the Law
Ma Yucong (Researcher, Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences):
To strengthen environmental protection, we must resolutely implement the “rule of law†strategy, improve the environmental legal system, and manage the environment in accordance with the law. At present, we must earnestly do a good job in the following things: First, we must urgently revise the Environmental Protection Law, clearly state the basic principles and countermeasures of national environmental protection, strictly regulate the government's environmental protection responsibilities, corporate environmental protection responsibilities, and citizens’ environmental protection rights and obligations. We will improve and improve the basic system of environmental protection and provide a solid and effective legal basis for environmental protection.
Second, establish a unified leadership of the government, unified supervision and management of the environmental protection department, and the relevant departments responsible for the division of work, mutual coordination and environmental management system.
Third, vigorously promote courts, procuratorates and public security agencies to strengthen environmental justice and law enforcement. The judiciary is the main embodiment of the state's coercive force. They should pay more attention to the handling of environmental cases, resolutely crack down on environmental violations and crimes that pollute and destroy the country’s ecological environment and infringe upon the people’s interests, and never condone pollution and environmental destruction. .
Fourth, we must pay attention to research on environmental pollution, ecological destruction and corruption, crack down on collusion between officials and businessmen, and do not hesitate to pollute and destroy the environment and profiteering.
Yin Ruiqi (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering):
Iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals and building materials industries are typical process manufacturing industries, and they are industries that are rich in materials, energy, capital, and technology. At present, the development and production of the process industry in China are still not completely out of the extensive mode, relying heavily on the high consumption of resources and energy to support it.
To this end, laws, regulations, policies, and standards for the development of circular economy should be accelerated, established, and enforced throughout the country. The general laws, methods, and rules and regulations of the industry must be linked to each other and complement each other. I suggest that relevant government departments and industry associations should take the lead to formulate a reasonable policy and pricing system for the secondary energy generation of enterprises to access the Internet; formulate and improve relevant policies for slag, fly ash, etc. for the building materials industry; and introduce and establish a diversified investment in circular economy. And market mechanisms, play a role in credit policies, actively support circular economy projects; establish a global concept of resource use, actively use international resources, and timely adjust import and export policies. We should increase investment in the common key technologies and cutting-edge technologies for the development of the recycling economy in the process industry, encourage and guide the development of circular economy research by qualified industrial research institutes, establish a recycling economy technology incubation base, and promote the industrialization of circular economy technologies.
Wang Yangzu (member of the Science and Technology Committee of the State Environmental Protection Administration):
Since China's pollution control in the Huaihe River Basin in 1994, it has proposed a series of directive targets for pollution control and environmental quality improvement. These targets have a certain role in accelerating pollution control and doing a good job in environmental protection. However, in today's sustained and rapid economic development, industrial restructuring has not yet been completed, and environmental protection debts are still more at the stage, some goals are difficult to achieve, and although some goals are barely met, it is difficult to consolidate, and there are rebounds afterwards. The goal is to make great efforts to complete, and the administrative cost is too high.
In the future, environmental protection work should focus on conscientiously implementing environmental protection laws and regulations, policies, and various management systems, and strive to use environmental protection measures to promote industrial restructuring, while striving for more environmental input, and accelerate environmental infrastructure construction. National Environmental Protection Publicity and Education. When these things are done, the discharge of pollutants will gradually decrease and the quality of the environment will improve day by day.
State Peng (Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences):
In recent years, great progress has been made in the construction of China's environmental protection legal system. However, there are still cases where laws are not adhered to, and enforcement is not strict. In order to strengthen scientific monitoring, planning, and management, the State Environmental Protection Administration needs to set up a number of branches and agencies throughout the country. Under the direct leadership of the State Environmental Protection Administration, it acts as an independent agency to manage and plan environmental and ecological protection work in specific regions, including regional ecology. Implementation of functional zoning and planning, monitoring and management of urban-rural industrial point source pollution, control of agricultural non-point source pollution, comprehensive assessment of regional environment, construction of pollution discharge monitoring network, and construction of emergencies and emergency response systems. It is recommended that the National Environmental Advisory Committee invites experts to conduct in-depth demonstrations, conduct in-depth analysis and propose specific plans based on the current administrative divisions and related departments, river basin zoning plans, and statistics on atmospheric and water quality pollution monitoring stations, urban development plans, and general description of nature reserves. Provide leadership for decision-making.
Increase environmental input to promote technological innovation
Zhang Kunmin (Professor, Tsinghua University):
In 2006, environmental protection was formally included in the state budget. This is a major breakthrough. It is suggested that the relevant experiences of the United States, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore should be carefully studied so that this new fiscal policy of China will play its due role in the new period. At the same time, the financial, taxation, and banking sectors have shown increasing interest in some tax and financial policies that are conducive to environmental protection. Such policies, if designed well and executed well, can play a huge role.
We must pay attention to the effectiveness of environmental investment costs. On the one hand, environmental planning and environmental science and technology need to be strengthened. On the other hand, it is recommended to strengthen statistics and analysis of environmental investment in the country, especially investment in key river basins and key areas of environmental investment and environmental protection departments' own capacity-building, so that problems can be found in a timely manner and corrected at any time. In addition, there may be interest groups or industry monopolies in different sectors during the governance of the environment. It is recommended that relevant parties carefully investigate and study, establish a fair and orderly competition mechanism, reduce costs, and increase investment efficiency, because the construction and operation of these pollution control facilities are important guarantees for achieving emission reduction targets.
Zhang Hao (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering):
The situation of pollutant discharge in China is still severe. Environmental protection should enter the mainstream economy, use the environment to optimize economic development, including planning environmental assessment, strict industrial environmental access, eliminate backward production capacity, technology, specify environmental policy orientation, and source pollution control of clean production and recycling economy models. The decision to coordinate the development of a series of environmental economies is very timely and correct. In addition, under the premise of environmental priority, to strengthen environmental technology innovation, China's environmental science and technology innovation capability is lagging behind other areas, the lack of support for the environment to optimize economic development is obviously insufficient, should take the opportunity of the State Environmental Protection Administration to host major water special projects, and vigorously promote the environment The improvement of scientific and technological innovation capabilities will promote environmental optimization of economic development at the technical level.
Cai Daoji (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering):
In the "Surface Pollution Control and Management" major science and technology projects, the responsibilities of the principal responsible persons of the local government should be clarified, and the plans formulated in this way will be more realistic, and the measures will be more effective when the plan is implemented, and it will be more rigid when implementing the results. In the public welfare research projects, China has implemented a combination of production, learning, and research, and has achieved remarkable results. In the public- benefit research projects of environmental protection, the government, the school, and the research institute should use a combination of methods. Get better results.
Wang Wenxing (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering):
Since our country enacted the Environmental Protection Law in 1979, after more than 20 years of hard work, various environmental laws and regulations have been gradually improved, but the environmental quality has not yet fundamentally changed. A series of laws and regulations have not been fully implemented in earnest. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of environmental legal system. . In addition to this, we must also increase investment in environmental research, and effectively use science and technology to promote environmental protection. We are pursuing improvements in the quality of the environment. This requires many new sciences and new technologies to support it. In the future, we still need to explore many scientific and technological issues that affect the quality of the environment and improve the quality of the environment. Only by continuous development of environmental science and technology can we achieve a sound and rapid economic and social development.
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