1 Falcon centrifugal concentrator application
As a high-efficiency centrifugal beneficiation equipment, the Falcon concentrator has been successfully used for the selection of cassiterite minerals. The high-strength "enhanced gravity" characteristics produced by Falcon concentrator provide a theoretical basis for the further development of gravity beneficiation, which can effectively realize the sorting of fine materials with different densities, reduce the lower limit of traditional gravity sorting, broaden the range of sorting, and have a large Processing capacity, low water consumption, low investment cost and operating cost; able to effectively process fine-grained particles, easy to operate, high degree of automation.
The ore slurry of the Falcon C series centrifuge enters the bottom of the centrifugal concentrator drum from the feeding conduit located in the center of the machine, and is thrown to the inner wall of the drum by the centrifuge. Under the action of up to 300g gravity field, the minerals are in different densities. Layered along the inner wall of the drum. The heaviest part (concentrate) is continuously discharged through a series of uniquely designed chutes and throttling nozzles, and the light minerals (tailings) are drained from the upper overflow of the drum. The speed of the centrifuge (centrifugal force) can be adjusted according to different density minerals and minerals of different sizes. The yield of heavy minerals (concentrate) can be adjusted according to the actual content of the mineral (the maximum yield of concentrate is not more than 40%).
The Falcon Ultrafine Separator (Falcon UF) can be used to recover heavy mineral (3μm) particles in ultrafine particles. In general, the mass content of heavy minerals in the fine fraction should be above 0.1%. This re-election device produces up to 600 times the centrifugal force and has a good sorting effect when handling tin, antimony and tungsten ore. Falcon UF can also be used as a deliming device for flotation to mines. At the Renison tin ore concentrator, the Falcon UF 1500 was used instead of the Mozley concentrator to increase the tin flotation concentrate grade from 15% to 40%.
Using Falcon/Sepro centrifuge beneficiation equipment to recover 0.28% of the re-selected tailings containing tin, the yield can be 33.33%, the grade is 0.38%, the recovery rate is 45.24% concentrate, which is equivalent to 23% increase. Raw ore. If the Falcon/Sepro centrifuge concentrate is further processed, a coarse concentrate of about 15% can be obtained, and the recovery rate of the original ore can reach 7.5%, which is of great significance for improving the total recovery rate of the selected cassiterite.
Tu Yuguo used the centrifugal beneficiation equipment Falcon concentrator to treat the fine-grained materials of tin after desulfurization of Hualian Zinc and Indium . The tin concentrate was increased from 45.37% to 68.11% compared with the tin concentrate in the original production process. The recycling effect of tin has been significantly improved.
Jian Sheng and others explored the effect of the Falcon centrifugal concentrator on the recovery of cassiterite. For the 23.00% centrifuge concentrate, and then selected by the graded shaker, the tin grade is 31.40%, and the operation recovery rate is 51.46%. Falcon's industrial production operation is stable, and finally it has obtained a tin concentrate with 40.42% tin and 42.36% recovery rate, which realizes efficient use of resources.
The Falcon centrifuge has a good recovery effect for the treatment of shaker tailings or very fine-grained cassiterite. However, in the process of applying Falcon centrifuge, the grade of the ore should not be too wide, so as not to reduce the sorting effect. In addition, it is necessary to reasonably set the process parameters of the centrifuge, and the parameter setting is unreasonable, which will quickly lead to the formation of a stable "bed" caused by blockage or destruction of the concentrate discharge nozzle.
2 Knelson concentrator application
The Knelson concentrator is an intensified gravity centrifugal beneficiation plant based on the centrifugal principle. In the enhanced gravity field generated by the centrifugal force, the difference in specific gravity between the light and heavy minerals is amplified. The fluidized water makes the bed loose, and the light minerals in the bed are continuously taken away by the recoil. The newly added heavy mineral fills the space left by the light minerals leaving, and the concentrate grade in the ring is continuously improved. . The slurry flows from the upper to the lower distribution plate of the feeding pipe, centrifugal force throws it onto the wall of the sorting cone, and rapidly fills the ring groove from bottom to top to form an enriched bed. At the same time, the fluidized flushing water enters the water chamber from the lower part through the hollow rotating shaft, and enters the annular groove in the sorting cone in a counterclockwise direction along the tangential line under pressure. When the heavy mineral particles are subjected to centrifugal force greater than the inward flushing water pressure, the particles are deposited in the annular groove; conversely, the light minerals enter the tailings from the upper part of the sorting cone under the impulse of the flushing water and the new incoming slurry. Discharge after the tube. In the continuous loose bed, heavy mineral particles are continuously deposited in the annular groove, while light minerals are continuously removed from the bed.
Xinyi is tin sulfide fine particles containing a plurality of (molybdenite, bismuthinite like) disseminated cassiterite. The ore sample contains 0.5% tin, mainly in the presence of cassiterite. After grinding to -0.3 mm, the Knelson concentrator roughing-shaker selection method was used to recover the finer cassiterite. Under the condition of 90 times gravity, a tin concentrate having a yield of 0.14%, a concentrate tin grade of 38.57%, and a recovery rate of 10.09% was obtained.
3 Kelsey centrifugal jig application
The Kelsey Centrifugal Jig is a re-election device that utilizes the principles of traditional mineral jigging and has new features that can change the apparent gravitational field. It is achieved by a special way of generating the movement of a conventional jig in a centrifuge. The feed stream of the centrifugal jig is fed downward through a fixed intermediate tube, and the feed is distributed to the gravel bed supported by the cylindrical screen, which rotates coaxially with the motor. The bed is pulsating, and the gravel bed is fluidized by sifting the water in the water tank to achieve stratified separation of the feedstock. The particles that are larger than or equal to the bed stone pass through the bed under the action of the suction or gravel bed void suction mechanism, and the force received is strengthened under the performance of greater gravity. The heavier particles pass through the intermediate screen to the concentrate tank and then pass through the casing to the concentrate chute, while the lighter ore particles enter the tailings chute through the retaining ring of the bed stone and are then discharged.
At the Rio Kemptvnle tin concentrator, the grades and recovery rates of the ore samples treated by the centrifugal jig are better than those of the shaker. When the enrichment ratio is as high as 20, the recovery rate is over 90%. After the final concentrate grade exceeded 60%, it achieved a recovery rate of over 96%.
4 Application of suspended vibrating cone concentrator
The suspension vibrating cone concentrator is a new type of fine refinement equipment developed according to the principle of Begonau shear loosening and the principle of flow film beneficiation. It shows good sorting effect in a large number of laboratories and industrial tests. The suspended cone coning concentrator consists of a main machine, a sorting surface, a feeding device, a water supply device, a mining device, and an electric control system. The traveling motor drives the driving wheel to drive the driven wheel to make a circular motion on the circular orbit, thereby driving the sorting surface to make a uniform circular motion; at the same time, the vibrating motor drives the eccentric hammer to perform a circular motion, so that the sorting surface generates regular vibration. When the evenly stirred slurry is replenished from the ore feeder through the slurry replenishing water, the slurry flow is fanned out and flows to the periphery. During the flow, the flow film gradually becomes thicker and thinner, and the flow rate is also reduced. It gradually decreases. Under the action of shear repulsion generated by gravity and cyclic vibration, the ore group is moderately loose and stratified on the sorting surface; the rotation of the sorting surface, and the sorting effect of involute washing water and concentrate washing water Minerals of different densities are sequentially brought into the tailings tank, the middle ore tank and the concentrate tank. The distribution of the ore layer on the sorting surface conforms to the laminar slurry flow membrane structure. The uppermost surface layer is mainly a light mineral with small particle size and low density. The pulsation speed of this layer is not large, and its value roughly determines the lower limit of the recovered mineral particle size. Most of the suspended minerals are discharged into the tailings tank in the rough selected area. The middle rheological layer is mainly composed of heavy minerals with small particle size and high density or light minerals with large particle size and small density. The thickness of this layer is the largest, and the Begonau force is also the strongest. Due to the dense concentration of this layer of mineral particles, There is no large vertical medium flow velocity interference, so it is possible to stratify according to static conditions, so the rheological layer is a more effective region layered by density. With the rotation of the sorting surface, part of the mineral is discharged into the middle ore tank under the sorting action of the involute washing water in the middle mining area. The lowermost sedimentary layer is mainly heavy mineral with high density. The closer to the sorting surface, the smaller the mineral particle size is. The closer to the ore pool, the larger the mineral grain size. As the sorting surface rotates, the layer is attached to the sorting surface. The tighter fine-grained, fine-grained heavy minerals are discharged into the concentrate tank under the sorting action of the concentrate flushing water in the concentrate area.
Mengzi Mining reselection processing plant tailings fine particle size, high -0.037mm size fraction the amount of tin metal content, accounting for 74.68%, a single shaking reselection alone was not sufficient for recovery, and the suspension vibration cone The surface concentrator is suitable for gravity mineral processing of fine minerals from 0.10mm to 0.01mm. The tin-rich medium ore can be produced by using a suspension cone taper concentrator for one sorting operation, and a tin concentrate with a grade of 7.80% and a recovery rate of 68.00% is obtained, and the tin enrichment ratio is up to 13.61.
The suspension test of the tailings overflow of the Shaping Plant of Guangxi Huaxi Group was carried out by using a suspended cone coning concentrator. After the addition of sodium carbonate in the re-election and recovery of fine cassiterite, the concentrate grade and The recovery rate of concentrates has been greatly improved, the content of tin metal in tailings has been reduced, and the effect of re-election of fine-grained cassiterite has been significantly improved. The test results show that the inevitable ions in the slurry have a great influence on the re-election of fine cassiterite.
5 Application of rotating spiral chute
The rotary spiral chute (referred to as the rotary snail) combines the selection mechanism of spiral chute, shaker and centrifugal beneficiation. The ore particles are sorted by the difference of the combined force fields such as fluid dynamics, centrifugal force, friction force and gravity on the groove surface. The ore flow enters the trough surface in a strong turbulent state. The turbulent diffusion causes the ore particles to settle according to the density. With the lateral circulation movement between the inner and outer edges of the spiral groove, the upper layer water flow and the light mineral move to the outer edge. The secondary circulation in the outer edge region is stronger than the inner edge region, and the heavy mineral attached to the bottom of the groove is preferably concentrated on the inner edge. The equipment has special grooves or wedges to widen the selected size, which avoids the strict classification of equipment such as shakers and centrifuges.
The tin-bearing tailings of the Yunxi Datun Ore Oxide Tin Ore Concentrator has a tin content of about 0.25%. The Yunxi Group Tianju Company passes the tailings slurry through the cyclone, the cyclone overflows into the inclined plate thickener, and the inclined plate thickener flows into the bottom. Dividing the mud bucket, the bottom of the mud bucket into the shaker (mud mine) rough selection, the middle mine shaker (mud mine) re-selection, the shaker (mud mine) selection, to obtain the tin mud concentrate. The bottom of the cyclone flows into the rotary spiral chute and throws a large number of tails. The ore and concentrate in the spiral chute are fed into a grinding machine. A section of grinding slurry enters the classification box, and the graded product enters the shaker (sand mine) for rough selection to form part of the sand concentrate. . The middle and lower concentrates of the shaker (sand mine) are selected into the second stage of grinding. The second stage of grinding slurry enters the mud bucket, and the bottom of the mud bucket flows into the middle ore shaker (sand mine) for re-election and shaker (sand) Mine) selected another portion of tin sand concentrate. After a large amount of pre-throwing by rotating spiral chute, a tin-containing product with a tin content of 0.83% and a yield of 15% can be obtained. This provides favorable conditions for the subsequent two-stage grinding and shaker selection of sand mines.
6 Application of vibrating rotary disc concentrator
The vibrating rotary disc concentrator is suitable for processing fine-grained heavy minerals and has the advantage of high work recovery. The cyclotron vibration frequency is one of the important technical parameters of the disc concentrator. The values ​​are different, and the shear force applied to the selected minerals will be significantly different. The vibrating rotary disc concentrator has three main functions: the first is to transport the finished concentrate, the middle mine and the tailings to the corresponding discharge area; the second is to adjust the processing capacity by adjusting the rotation speed; Adjust the selection index by changing the speed. The rotational speed of the disk mainly affects the residence time of the mineral in the primary and selected areas, thereby changing the extent to which the mineral is subjected to the disk surface. The concentration of ore concentration is an important factor affecting the selection of disc concentrators. The mineral concentration requirements of different grades are different. The higher the concentration of the slurry, the higher the viscosity. Generally, the concentration can be appropriately increased when the coarse-grained minerals are selected. Otherwise, the concentration can be appropriately reduced when the fine-grained minerals are selected. The ore volume also has a certain relationship with the concentration. When the concentration of the ore is high, the ore volume should not be too large, otherwise the looseness of the ore layer will be affected, resulting in lower concentrate grade. The amount of water added to the disc concentrator should be flexibly adjusted according to the distribution of minerals on the sorting disc.
A vibrating rotary disc concentrator is used to recover fine cassiterite from a concentrator, and a medium tin concentrate with a tin grade of 6.61% and a recovery rate of 83.23% can be obtained. Compared with the cyclone desilting-sulphur flotation process, when the concentrate grade is close, the disc concentrator's recovery rate of fine-grained cassiterite recovery is increased by about 43%, and the test has achieved good technical indicators.
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