This type of ore dressing is the most difficult, and it is the difficulty that the ore dressing workers have been overcome. Therefore, the research work is relatively deep and extensive. Some mines have used new technology and achieved good results. But most of them are still in the research stage, or semi-industrial stage. The recent progress in scientific research is summarized below.
Anti - flotation: First elected minerals calcium, phosphorus ore is then selected.
Fatty acid calcareous ore is used in H2SO4 medium to inhibit apatite with phosphoric acid or P201. Then choose apatite. This process achieves normal temperature flotation under coarser grinding conditions and the flotation temperature can be reduced to 9 °C.
On the other hand, both calcium and phosphate mines contain the same-named ion, Ca++, and it is inevitable to cause apatite loss when using fatty acid-based adjuvants to float calcareous minerals. On the contrary, when the Ca mineral is not selected well, the MgO in the phosphate concentrate is still greater than 1.5%. This process is suitable for ores containing lower Ca minerals.
Positive flotation: direct flotation of apatite from ore.
In the past ten years, mineral processing scientists have been conquering inhibitors of calcium-containing minerals, and have made great progress, making direct flotation of apatite a reality, simplifying the process and improving the beneficiation index.
The more effective calcareous mineral inhibitors developed in recent years are: S series: S-711, S-804, S-217, S-808, the sulfonates of naphthalene, crude phenanthrene and phenol are reacted with formaldehyde respectively. Object. F103: a reaction of sodium humate with a low molecular weight nitride-containing compound. L339: a lignin derivative based on calcium lignosulfonate. SG-10: a surfactant synthesized from maleic anhydride and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
Digestion-Flotation: This process is the same as the calcination-digestion described above.
The difference is that the phosphorus grade after digestion is not high and contains a large amount of siliceous. Therefore, after digestion, it is necessary to carry out phosphorus-silicon sorting, which can be either positive flotation or reverse flotation, depending on the proportion of the two minerals. However, it must be carbonized before flotation. The carbonization process is to introduce CO2 from the furnace gas into the flotation pulp. The purpose is to eliminate the remaining lime milk in the pulp, and also to play the role of adjusting the pH value of the slurry.
This process is suitable for phosphate minerals with higher P2O5 and lower carbonate mineral content. The specific operation should be strict, and the CaO content in the slurry before carbonization should be less than 1.5%.
Carbonization should not be excessive, otherwise it will deteriorate the flotation. Heavy-floating combined process: A hydrocyclone can obtain a portion of the phosphate concentrate (sand), which will reduce one-third of the flotation. The potion will also be reduced by a third.
Thereby reducing costs. For the apatite type phosphate rock, it is an easy ore. However, its grade is low, usually P2O5 <10%. If single recovery of phosphorus is economically uneconomical, comprehensive utilization must be carried out.
This type of phosphate ore contains a variety of useful minerals for comprehensive utilization, such as iron , titanium , vanadium , platinum , iodine , garnet, vermiculite , biotite , diopside and the like. As long as the comprehensive utilization is carried out, the economic benefits of such ores are considerable. For example, Chengde Maying Phosphorus Mine is an example.
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