In northern China, water resources are in short supply, and annual rainfall is small. It is mainly concentrated in summer. Wheat grows in a season of windy and rainy, and water consumption is large. 70% to 80% of the water required for high-yield wheat fields is replenished by irrigation, and irrigation is usually performed during wheat growing season. 4 ~ 6 times, the total irrigation volume is 3 100 ~ 3 800 m3/hm2. Many areas are mainly maintained by over-exploitation of groundwater. This not only makes water resources more stressful, but also can not contain the loss of soil nutrients in the summer and the pollution of groundwater. The water-saving and high-yielding cultivation technology for winter wheat has provided a new way for water-saving cultivation in the vast wheat regions of northern China, and it has also been a major breakthrough in the development of “two high and one excellent†agriculture.
1 Select soil
Suitable soils for water-saving and high-yield cultivation are sandy soil, light soil, and mid-soldied soil, and lands with medium or higher fertility can use this technology.
2 Pouring feet
The water content of the 2 m soil was adjusted to more than 95% of the field water capacity by soaking the water before sowing. 2 m soil is black earthworms. To change the traditional concept of “only more irrigation can make more foodâ€, establish a new concept based on the use of soil water and store enough soil water before sowing.
3 Selection of improved species
To achieve high yields under water-saving conditions, it is necessary to use high-yield, drought-tolerant varieties with early maturity, multiple spikes, and stable grouting. Such as: 8871-3, Lumai 21, Jinan 17, and so on. After sowing, the wheat is sown in the ditch, the ridge back does not suppress, and the surface layer of bauxite is covered before long winter, early winter and early spring.
4 All fertilizer base application
Grasp the principle of “restricting nitrogen and phosphorus, supplementing potassium and zinc, and organic-inorganic combinationâ€, all fertilizers are used as base fertilizers to promote early root development and nutrient absorption, and create conditions for the later use of the underlying soil moisture. At the same time, field operations can be simplified, nitrogen fertilizer losses can be reduced, and fertilizer utilization can be increased.
Generally speaking, under medium soil fertility conditions, a production target of 450 to 550 kg per 667 m2 (mu) requires 1.5 to 2.0 m3 of organic fertilizer, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of urea, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate. Zinc sulfate 1 kg.
5 Sowing period and density
Appropriate late sowing, reduce water consumption. The suitable sowing date is October 10 to 20, suitable for basic seedlings to be broadcasted from 180,000 to 200,000 per 667 m2; the sowing date density, early broadcast ceiling, late seeding ceiling, and late sowing within the sowing date range 1 d Increase the sowing volume by 0.5 kg.
6 Improve soil preparation and planting quality
Improve soil preparation and sowing quality are the key links in water-saving and high-yield cultivation. In order to reduce atrophy, reduce the rate of weak plants, and improve the uniformity of the ear, requirements: 1 Select seeds, make the grain size uniform, and strictly eliminate broken grains. 2 Deep plowing, flattening the soil surface and cultivating 15-20 cm depth. 3 Strictly control the sowing of crops, so as to achieve the same depth of seeding (3 to 5 cm sowing depth) and uniform seeding. Line spacing 15 ~ 20 cm, before sowing should be adjusted to a good amount of falling seeds, broadcast can be taken in line replay.
7 Only one water is poured in spring
Spring water system, the best irrigation period from the jointing (drug period) to the booting stage (four-body period), in this stage, according to the seedlings, lyrics, sowing as late as possible. Non-dry hot wind has the highest irrigation yield at the jointing stage, and dry hot wind has the highest irrigation yield at the booting stage. The irrigation volume per 667 m2 is 50 m3, and the soil should be loosened immediately before the jointing.
8 Use of soil conservation
The whole land is well-prepared, firstly planted, then sown, repressed in the ridge, and there is a storage layer between the ridges, which is beneficial to the protection of the winter wheat.
9 Pest Control
At the seedling stage, attention was paid to the prevention and control of SBPH, the control of powdery mildew and wheat stubble in the medium term, and the control of the cotton bollworm in the later stage.
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