3 balanced fertilization
The most important agronomic measures that affect yield include planting density, nitrogen application rate, nitrogen fertilizer management, and chemical regulation technologies. The biological yield of transgenic hybrid cotton was significantly higher than that of conventional varieties, and there was more demand for fertilizer throughout the growing season. Therefore, we must emphasize the rational management of fertilizer, so as to ensure the satisfaction of high-yield and stable production of insect-resistant hybrid cotton.
3.1 Fertilizer and Dry Matter Accumulation
According to the study, dry matter accumulation differs among treatments with different N rates, but there is a relatively small difference between the treatments with more N application rates. When biological yields are used, NPK is above 187.5 kg/hm2, and biological yields are measured. The increase in the amount of nitrogen applied tends to decrease.
3.2 Fertilizers and Individual and Population Development
Plant height and the number of large bolls per plant increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but the difference between different treatments was small. The quality indicators of all groups also increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, especially the ratio of the branches and shoots, and the higher ratio of nitrogen application to treatment was above 5.00. From the perspective of leaf area index, the development of leaf area index with nitrogen application of 187.5 kg/hm2 was more reasonable, and its peak value appeared in flowering stage. However, the peak emergence period of the treatment of excessively low and high nitrogen application was postponed, but the difference between the two was that the former was due to the lower leaf area index in the early period, which led to the postponement of the peak period; while the latter was due to the late greediness caused by high fertilizer. The peak area of ​​the leaf area index caused by ripening shifted backwards. The different nitrogen application rates and the distribution characteristics of "three peaches" were consistent with the development of the leaf area index. The proportion of the autumn peaches treated with more nitrogen was significantly higher than that of the low nitrogen treatments and the late maturity.
3.3 Fertilizer and Yield Formation
According to experiments, there are extremely significant differences between the yields of seed cotton and the lint yields in different N application levels. The yield of lint treated with 337.5kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen was significantly higher than that of pure nitrogen 112.5kg/hm2 and 37.5kg/hm2, and there was no significant difference between the two treatments with pure nitrogen 262.5kg/hm2 and 187.5kg/hm2. .
3.4 Fertilizer Management
According to the research, the biological yield of transgenic hybrid cotton is significantly higher than that of conventional varieties, and the demand for fertilizer is high throughout the growing season. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the fertilizer input for the whole growth period, and it is required to increase the pure nitrogen by 22.5 to 37.5 kg/hm2 compared to the conventional varieties. According to the research, about 300kg/hm2 of nitrogen is suitable for the transgenic insect resistant hybrid cotton, and appropriate adjustments are made depending on the transplanting density and the local soil, climatic resources and vegetation. The lower and upper limit values ​​are 270kg/hm2 respectively. 330kg/hm2. If mulching with plastic film is used for transplanting, the total nitrogen application rate should be increased by about 10%. In the management of nitrogenous fertilizer, the proportion of basal fertilizer should be about 35%. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers, and reasonable application of trace fertilizers based on soil nutrient conditions, so as to facilitate the full utilization of the transgenic potential of transgenic hybrid cotton. The growth rate of transgenic insect-resistant hybrid cotton seedlings and buds was higher, and the vegetative growth advantage was obvious. The increase in the number of large bells per day after full flowering was higher. Therefore, the key to high-yield cultivation is to coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth through rational management of fertilizers. It is required to adhere to the principle of “full, slow, and heavy†fertilizer management under the premise of increasing total nitrogen, so as to achieve the purpose of multi-column peach and knot peach. That is, sufficient basal fertilizer (about 30% of the total nitrogen application rate) is ensured to ensure early growth and produce a high-yield shelf, but it does not lead to excessive overgrowth of nutrients. Appropriate control of bud-phase fertilizer should be applied to the first time. Postponed to 5 to 7 days after the initial flowering is appropriate, the amount should not be too large, with the relay as the standard; the second Huan bell fertilizer is about 7 days later than conventional cotton with good long peach fertilizer (about 20%); late Root spray 2 to 3 times. In addition, there is a shortage of boron in the cotton area of ​​Jiangsu Province, and borax 4~12kg/hm2 can be applied as the base fertilizer. The application of boron fertilizer has a significant effect on promoting early maturing of the transgenic hybrid cotton and increasing the flowering rate before frost.
3.5 Application of different mouthwash fertilizers
Planting genetically modified and insect-resistant hybrid cotton regions depends on the fertilizers planted in different cornices. Specific operations should be based on different soil qualities, different fertility, and different types of cotton.
3.5.1 Bean (Maize) Cotton Intercropping
The cotton field with high fertility level, good soil aggregate structure, and broad bean pods is used as base fertilizer with 300kg/hm2 of cake fertilizer and 300kg/hm2 of phosphate fertilizer, and twice as top dressing with urea 450kg/hm2 as seedling fertilizer and flower bell fertilizer. After heavy, the first time in early June, the second time from the end of June to the beginning of July; before applying a small amount of top dressing fertilizer. Former crops are wheat stubble or soils with poor soil fertility, and the amount of fertilizer used increases accordingly.
3.5.2 Garlic Cotton Intercropping
Due to the application of basal fertilizer and top dressing in garlic field, garlic field generally covers about 5000kg/hm2 of straw, applies l500kg/hm2 of cake fertilizer, l500kg/hm2 of phosphate fertilizer, 75kg/hm2 of urea, etc.; 3 times of top dressing, about 750kg/hm2 . For this kind of cotton, there is no need to use another basal fertilizer and only 450kg/hm2 of urea is used as the flower and bell fertilizer.
3.5.3 watermelon cotton intercropping
Due to the foot of the watermelon field, melon fields generally use 1125kg/hm2 of cake fertilizer, 750kg/hm2 of phosphate fertilizer and 112.5kg/hm2 of urea as base fertilizer. Sets of cotton planted in the fields do not need to use another basal fertilizer, just use 375kg/hm2 urea as topdressing, two light intermediate weight, that is, seedling fertilizer 75kg/hm2, flower bell fertilizer 225kg/hm2, ceiling fertilizer 75kg/hm2.
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